Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by selective loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to motor and non-motor symptoms; its slow progression means disease-modifying trials need long follow-up to detect slowing. It is strongly linked to pathological alpha-synuclein accumulation, familial and sporadic risk genes such as lrrk2, pink1, and…
Proteomics is a multiomic technology that measures the protein complement of a sample, often via mass spectrometry-based proteomic profiling, to link genetic variation to gene regulation, cell-type vulnerability, and circuit dysfunction. It is used across disease areas including triple negative breast cancer, transthyretin amyloidosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, psoriasis, cardiovascular disease, psychiatric disorders, tissue regeneration, and…
Cas9 is the nuclease component of the crispr cas9 genome-editing system, functioning as an RNA-guided editing enzyme that uses sgrna to direct site-specific DNA cleavage and generate double-stranded breaks at target nucleic acids. It is widely used across genome editing, functional genomics, and emerging gene and cell therapies, but its application is constrained by off…
Multi-omics is an integrated analytical approach that combines multiple molecular layers—such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, epigenomics, microbiome, and radiomics—to improve mechanistic understanding and identify novel biomarkers and drug targets. It is increasingly used in cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal cancers, glioblastoma, breast cancer, tumor immune microenvironment, and inflammatory bowel disease, with applications spanning diagnosis, treatment-response prediction,…
Lung cancer is a malignant disease in which smoking is the most significant preventable cause, and local cortisol signaling in the tumor microenvironment can impair NK-cell cytotoxicity via cortisol, while immunosenescence and thymic health also shape risk and progression through immunosenescence and thymus. It is a major clinical focus for early detection, histologic differentiation, prognostic…
