STING (tmem173) is an innate immune pathway mediator that links cytosolic nucleic-acid sensing to type I interferon signaling, and it is activated downstream of cgas sting and by cyclic dinucleotides. Its primary function is to drive IFN-I responses and broader antitumor immunity, which is why it is repeatedly pursued as a cancer immunotherapy target; the…
Metabolomics is a high-throughput metabolomics approach that profiles small-molecule metabolites to reveal phytochemical fingerprints, biomarker pathways, and disease-associated molecular responses. It is used across diabetes intervention in phyllanthus niruri, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, drought-stress biology, pulmonary arterial hypertension, bull fertility, and cardiovascular risk prediction, and it is also being integrated with microbiome, proteomics, and AI…
Glioblastoma (glioblastoma) is the most malignant primary central nervous system tumor in adults and the most common aggressive primary brain tumor, with strong invasiveness, high recurrence, and poor prognosis. It is characterized by molecular heterogeneity, rapid progression, limited therapeutic response, and persistent disease despite maximal multimodal treatment, including surgery, radiotherapy, and TMZ. Key disease mechanisms…
Gastric cancer is a major malignancy in which immune evasion, therapeutic resistance, and tumor heterogeneity are prominent biological themes. It is shaped by multiple regulatory layers, including ac129507.1 as a ferroptosis-related lncRNA, cbslr as a metabolism-associated lncRNA, hcp5 as a hypoxia-responsive lncRNA, and hmgb3 aberrant upregulation, while ar is highlighted as a potential prognostic and…
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a pathological state in which mitochondria lose normal bioenergetic and quality-control function, making it a shared mechanistic hub across chronic disease trajectories and aging. It is linked to impaired energy production, altered reactive oxygen species signaling, defective biogenesis, mitophagy, and dynamics, and can also amplify downstream inflammatory pathways such as cgas-STING after…
