Melanoma

Byaibio

Melanoma is a highly aggressive skin cancer and a major model for studying immunotherapy response, tumor immune evasion, and targeted delivery strategies. It is also used as a diagnostic and classification target in convolutional neural networks and support vector machines, and as a clinical context for the cross scale multimodal framework and the essen melanoma quality of life inventory across all tumor stages. Mechanistically, recent work highlights immune suppression and resistance pathways involving bregs, igg4, il 6, il 8, ccl3, and IDH GOF-associated poor anti-PD1 response, while tmem87a ablation suppresses progression in vivo. Therapeutically, melanoma has been targeted with pembrolizumab, carboplatin, paclitaxel, ace imac, di mof a, and a DNA nanomachine, and RGDAB@DFX nanoparticles selectively accumulated in B16F1 melanoma tumors. Recent literature also reports overexpression of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived chimeric antigen receptor macrophages target il 13rα2 in melanoma specimens and increased NK-cell killing after natural killer cell Siglec-7/9 blockade. Overall, the literature emphasizes melanoma as both a lethal disease and a testbed for biomarker discovery, immunotherapy optimization, and nanomedicine-based intervention.

Immunotherapy and immune biomarkers

  • A phase II trial in unresectable/metastatic melanoma evaluated pembrolizumab with carboplatin and paclitaxel, and a mixed inflammatory peripheral signature was linked to clinical outcomes. (PMID:41732954)
  • Integrated bulk, single-cell, and spatial transcriptomics identified clinically actionable immunotherapy biomarkers in melanoma. (PMID:41840725)
  • IDH GOF mutant melanoma showed loss of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and a poorer response to anti-PD1 immunotherapy. (PMID:41955022)
  • B cells and humoral immunity were described as critical modulators of melanoma progression and immunotherapy outcomes. (PMID:41792971)
  • Lower baseline plasma CCL3, IL-6, and IL-8 were each associated with better objective response or higher survival in melanoma patients. (PMID:41840725; PMID:41792971)

Tumor biology and resistance mechanisms

  • Regulatory B cells contribute to immune tolerance and the suppressive tumor microenvironment in melanoma. (PMID:41792971)
  • Skewing toward IgG4 correlates with poor survival in melanoma. (PMID:41792971)
  • TMEM87A ablation suppresses melanoma progression in vivo and is linked to ferroptosis regulation and immunotherapy resistance. (PMID:42014864)
  • A strand-displacement DNA nanomachine targeting St6Gal1 silencing suppressed melanoma tumor growth in mice. (PMID:41889102)
  • The MOF nanodrug enhanced immunotherapy of melanoma and inhibited tumor growth in mouse models. (PMID:41723989)

Diagnostics, classification, and patient assessment

  • Convolutional neural networks were used to classify melanoma from large annotated dermoscopic images. (PMID:41944117)
  • Support vector machines were highlighted for skin lesion classification in the context of melanoma diagnosis. (PMID:41944117)
  • The Essen Melanoma Quality of Life Inventory (EMQoLI) was developed and validated for melanoma patients across all tumor stages. (PMID:42007593)
  • The cross-scale multimodal framework was applied to melanoma to identify clinically actionable immunotherapy biomarkers. (PMID:41840725)

Targeted and cell-based therapies

  • IL-13Rα2 was overexpressed in melanoma specimens, supporting the relevance of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived chimeric antigen receptor macrophages targeting this antigen. (PMID:41983511)
  • ACE-iMac treatment significantly reduced growth of human melanoma xenografts and was also tested in humanized mouse experiments. (PMID:41968179)
  • NK cell-mediated killing of melanoma cell lines increased upon Siglec-7 and/or Siglec-9 blockade. (PMID:41928453)
  • Targeted delivery and controlled release of deferasirox used iron modulation to treat melanoma, with selective accumulation in B16F1 tumors by RGDAB@DFX nanoparticles. (PMID:41940349)
  • Methionine-depleting engineered probiotics improved PD-L1 antibody immunotherapy by activating STING signaling in melanoma models. (PMID:41604978)