Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a severely irreversible chronic lung disease characterized by progressive fibrosis, and it has been used as a disease context for immunopeptidome profiling and antifibrotic target discovery. In this setting, human IPF lung explants yielded fibrosis-associated peptides, including MAF116-124, which elicited human cytotoxic T lymphocytes that lysed IPF-derived myofibroblasts and M2-like macrophages. The disease is also being explored for therapeutic peptide vaccination, with APBB270-78, MAF116-124, and TNS3119-127 all reported to mitigate fibrosis progression in bleomycin-treated mice. A lung-targeted carbon monoxide carrier, ltcoco, showed in vivo inhibition of IPF and significant recovery from bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, highlighting a delivery-based antifibrotic strategy. Overall, these studies position IPF as a model for both immune-targeted and lung-targeted therapeutic development, with bleomycin serving as the main experimental fibrosis inducer.

Fibrosis and immunopeptidome profiling

  • Human IPF lung explants yielded fibrosis-associated peptides for immunopeptidome profiling and therapeutic target discovery. (PMID:42010059)
  • maf116 124 was identified as a fibrosis-associated peptide that elicited human cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (PMID:42010059)
  • The induced cytotoxic T cells lysed IPF-derived myofibroblasts and M2-like macrophages, linking peptide vaccination to direct antifibrotic immune activity. (PMID:42010059)

Therapeutic vaccination

  • Therapeutic vaccination with apbb270 78 mitigated fibrosis progression in bleomycin-treated mice. (PMID:42010059)
  • Therapeutic vaccination with maf116 124 mitigated fibrosis progression in bleomycin-treated mice and generated human cytotoxic T lymphocytes against IPF-derived cells. (PMID:42010059)
  • Therapeutic vaccination with tns3119 127 also mitigated fibrosis progression in bleomycin-treated mice. (PMID:42010059)

Drug delivery and antifibrotic therapy

  • The lung-targeted carbon monoxide carrier ltcoco demonstrated in vivo inhibition of IPF. (PMID:41954338)
  • ltcoco also produced significant recovery from bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. (PMID:41954338)
  • The ACS Nano study (PMID:41954338) supports lung-targeted delivery as a strategy for a disease described as severely irreversible chronic lung disease. (PMID:41954338)

Experimental fibrosis model