HIV-1 is the human immunodeficiency virus type 1, a viral pathogen and disease target for antiviral and gene-editing strategies. Its primary relevance here is as a target for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, CRISPR/Cas-mediated proviral DNA excision, and long-lasting therapeutic antibody production. The literature highlights inhibition of wild-type and drug-resistant virus, with compounds such as a19 and a24 showing activity against WT and clinically relevant resistant mutants, respectively. In latent CD4 T cell lines, sgRNAs directed to HIV-1 LTR and Gag sequences, together with spcas9 gfp mrna, enabled DNA excision and reactivation blockade. Recent advances also include a 2026 Science study showing hematopoietic stem cell gene editing can generate B lymphocyte “protein factories” for durable antibody responses against HIV-1.
Antiviral inhibition
- Broad-spectrum non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor design was reported as a rational AI-guided approach against hiv 1 (PMID:41909954).
- a19 displayed potent inhibition activity against WT hiv 1 (PMID:41909954).
- a24 demonstrated robust activity against clinically relevant drug-resistant hiv 1 mutants (PMID:41909954).
Latency and genome excision
- A bipolar CD4-targeted dual-DARPin-55/57 lipid nanoparticle enabled efficient CRISPR/Cas-mediated hiv 1 DNA excision in latent CD4 T cell lines (PMID:41769381).
- sgRNAs targeted hiv 1 specific single guide rnas to the hiv 1 LTR and Gag sequences for proviral editing (PMID:41769381).
- spcas9 gfp mrna was used to mediate proviral DNA excision and reactivation blockade (PMID:41769381).
Therapeutic antibody production
- A 2026 Science study reported hematopoietic stem cell gene editing to create B lymphocyte protein factories for long-lasting therapeutic serum antibody production against hiv 1 (PMID:41990179).