Breast cancer

Byaibio

Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous malignancy and a major hormone-dependent disease context in which precision oncology, immunotherapy, and targeted delivery strategies are being developed. It is the therapeutic target for rnai nanoplatform, cpll nps, ace imac, and immunotherapy, and it is also the setting for biomarker-guided approaches such as oncotype dx in early breast cancer. Recent work highlights multi-omics and artificial intelligence for diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment-response prediction, including deep learning on histopathology and integrated molecular profiling. Mechanistically, studies report subtype-specific BAX-derived circular rnas, altered small non-coding RNA signaling, immune-related drivers such as ccl5 and cd74, and aberrant upregulation of hmgb3, while ferroptosis and tertiary lymphoid structures are emerging as important therapeutic and prognostic axes. Nanotechnology remains a major theme, with liposomes, dendrimers, micelles, polymeric and metallic nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, and bio-magnetic nanomedicine being explored for selective drug delivery and imaging-guided theranostics. Resistance and durability are also central, especially for antibody-drug conjugates and PD-L1–linked immune escape, alongside biomarker studies implicating gstm5, sele, plk1, and circulating proteins in susceptibility or therapeutic vulnerability.

Immunotherapy and immune microenvironment

  • A robust RNAi nanoplatform activated cGAS-STING and enhanced immune checkpoint blockade to potentiate breast cancer immunotherapy in orthotopic and metastatic tumors. (PMID:41655906)
  • Copper-based nanoplatform therapy was designed to augment cuproptosis and anti-metastatic immunity via lactate metabolic reprogramming and hypoxia alleviation. (PMID:41679436)
  • ACE-iMac immunotherapy reduced solid tumor size in breast cancer xenografts, supporting macrophage-based cellular therapy. (PMID:41968179)
  • PSMD14 targeting was reported to enhance immunotherapy efficacy by promoting PD-L1 degradation and reshaping the tumor microenvironment. (PMID:41981629)
  • Tertiary lymphoid structures were reviewed as prognostic and therapeutic features linked to improved immunotherapy response. (PMID:42028730)

Genomics, biomarkers, and molecular drivers

  • BAX-derived circular RNAs were profiled across breast cancer cell lines and subtypes, revealing subtype-specific expression patterns. (PMID:41843205)
  • Small non-coding RNA profiling identified post-transcriptional effects on breast cancer cell signaling. (PMID:41866548)
  • Integrative immunogenomic analysis highlighted ccl5 and cd74 as key oncogenic drivers associated with poor survival. (PMID:41920337)
  • hmgb3 was reported as aberrantly upregulated in breast cancer and linked to therapy resistance and stemness in the broader malignancy literature. (PMID:41930588)
  • gstm5 showed a protective association and was prioritized as a genomic stability-related vulnerability to PLK1 inhibition. (PMID:41794244)

Diagnostics, prognosis, and precision oncology

  • Multi-omics and artificial intelligence were emphasized as tools to decode tumor heterogeneity and improve diagnosis, prognostication, and personalized management. (PMID:41616992)
  • A clinician-focused review described multi-omics and AI convergence for personalized breast cancer management. (PMID:41936855)
  • Deep learning on histopathological images predicted recurrence risk and chemotherapy benefit in a multicentre study of early breast cancer. (PMID:41831466)
  • Mendelian randomization and single-cell transcriptomics linked sele to reduced breast cancer susceptibility. (PMID:41722201)
  • Circulating proteins were evaluated for genetically predicted associations with breast cancer risk, supporting biomarker discovery. (PMID:41722201)

Therapeutics, delivery, and resistance

  • Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems were reviewed as a major strategy for selective tumor targeting in breast cancer. (PMID:41773625)
  • Bio-magnetic nanomedicine was presented as a precision navigation platform for targeted delivery, imaging-guided theranostics, and multimodal therapy. (PMID:42002783)
  • Antibody-drug conjugate resistance was reviewed alongside emerging strategies to improve treatment durability. (PMID:41874465)
  • CRISPR-based gene delivery approaches were discussed for future individualized therapy, including mcp1 manipulation. (PMID:41443126)
  • Ferroptosis was reviewed as a process closely associated with breast cancer initiation and progression and as a potential immunotherapy modifier. (PMID:42029800)