Glycolysis

Glycolysis is a central metabolic pathway that converts glucose into energy and intermediates, and here it is highlighted as a key pathway governing the functional diversity of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs). In this context, it appears to shape macrophage metabolic reprogramming and anti-tumor immunity, with the Key Facts noting it as one of the main pathways controlling TAM functional diversity. It is also implicated in non small cell lung carcinoma metabolic reprogramming, where it is discussed as part of therapeutic strategies to alter tumor metabolism. Beyond cancer, glycolysis is reported as disrupted in major depressive disorder (MDD), with the model shifting toward anaerobic glycolysis, indicating broader roles in host energy metabolism. Recent literature therefore links glycolysis to immunometabolism, oncology, and neuropsychiatric disease, emphasizing its function as a core energy pathway with disease-specific rewiring.

Cancer / Immunometabolism

  • A 2026 Advanced Science study (PMID:41961489) identified glycolysis as a key pathway governing functional diversity of tumor associated macrophages, supporting its role in macrophage metabolic reprogramming and anti-tumor immunity.
  • The same study (PMID:41961489) framed glycolysis as part of the metabolic rewiring that can be leveraged to enhance anti-tumor immune responses.
  • A 2026 Annals of Medicine review (PMID:41987491) included glycolysis in therapeutic strategies for metabolic reprogramming in non small cell lung carcinoma.
  • In NSCLC, glycolysis is presented as one of the metabolic pathways targeted to reshape tumor cell energetics and support treatment approaches (PMID:41987491).

Neuropsychiatric / Energy Metabolism

  • A 2026 Gut Microbes paper (PMID:42023591) reported that host energy metabolism is reshaped in a model of depressive behaviors, with glycolysis shifted toward an anaerobic state.
  • The same study (PMID:42023591) described glycolysis as a central energy pathway disrupted in MDD patients, linking metabolic changes to depressive phenotypes.
  • These findings suggest glycolytic remodeling may be part of the gut microbiota–host axis influencing mood-related behavior (PMID:42023591).