Prostate cancer

Byaibio

Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous hormone-dependent malignancy and a major disease burden, with current screening still centered on prostate specific antigen but limited by specificity and sensitivity. The literature emphasizes moving beyond PSA toward multiomics and AI-based risk stratification to improve detection and classification, especially in diverse patient populations. It is also a key setting for prostate specific membrane antigen-directed imaging and radiopharmaceutical therapy, reflecting the importance of tumor-targeted molecular imaging and treatment. Therapeutically, the disease is strongly linked to androgen signaling and androgen receptor signaling inhibitor strategies, while resistance and lineage plasticity are highlighted as major mechanisms of progression. Emerging approaches include immunotherapy combined with targeted therapy, parp inhibitor-based subgroup analyses, and nanomedicine-enabled immunotherapeutic strategies. Biomarker and target advances include b7 h3-enriched exosomes and alpha particle therapy/antibody drug conjugate approaches centered on CD46-directed treatment.

Diagnosis and Risk Stratification

  • PSA screening is described as limited in specificity and sensitivity, motivating improved early detection strategies in prostate cancer. (PMID:41894385)
  • Multiomics integration is proposed to enhance detection and risk stratification beyond PSA in African and Middle Eastern prostate cancer patients. (PMID:41894385)
  • B7-H3-enriched exosomes are presented as promising diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers for prostate cancer. (PMID:41964005)
  • PSMA imaging showed dose-dependent and tumor burden-driven variability, underscoring the need to account for accessible target heterogeneity in patient assessment. (PMID:42020145)

Targeted Therapy and Imaging

  • PSMA is highlighted as a key target for prostate cancer imaging and therapy, including radiopharmaceutical approaches. (PMID:41936001)
  • A 2026 Journal of Nuclear Medicine study found that accessible PSMA signal varies with dose and tumor burden, relevant for optimizing PSMA-directed PET imaging. (PMID:42020145)
  • CD46-directed radioimmunotherapy and antibody-drug conjugates were reported as synergistic treatment strategies in prostate cancer. (PMID:41569419)
  • CDK16 dysregulation and overexpression were linked to poor prognosis in aggressive prostate cancer, supporting kinase-targeted discovery efforts. (PMID:41940903)

Immunotherapy and Combination Strategies

  • Combined immunotherapy and targeted therapy showed clinical benefit and safety in prostate cancer in a meta-analysis. (PMID:42017392)
  • Nanomedicine-enabled immunotherapeutic strategies are reviewed as a translational approach for urinary system tumors, including prostate cancer. (PMID:41947122)
  • Prostate cancer was included among diseases targeted by CD46-directed alpha-particle therapy and radioimmunotherapy. (PMID:41569419)
  • Hormone-driven lineage plasticity is emphasized as a mechanism of therapy resistance in prostate malignancies. (PMID:42014520)