Pubmed Today 2026May16

Neurofascin 155 autoimmune nodopathy (NF155 AN) is a recently recognised immune-mediated neuropathy distinct from chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. While adult-onset cases have been increasingly reported, the juvenile-onset form remains poorly characterised….

The optimal strategy after discontinuation of B-cell depleting therapies like ocrelizumab in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) remains uncertain, particularly regarding delayed disease reactivation, disability progression and required treatment duration before cessation….

The study reports the synthesis and biological evaluation of [111In]In-WAZABY, a novel bimodal imaging probe based on a water-soluble NIR-II aza-BODIPY fluorophore. The platform enables the design of a bimodal imaging probe through conjugation to the anti-epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) ant…

Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) serves as a therapeutic target for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment owing to its overexpression in TNBC cells. Herein, a series of Pt(IV) prodrugs targeting both TrxR and DNA were designed and synthesized. The superior complex 6b demonstrated remarkable act…

PSMA-targeted ligands containing macropa as highly effective chelators for 225Ac were developed for endoradiotherapy, alongside complementary diagnostic approaches using 133La for PET and 123I for SPECT within the radiohybrid concept. These ligands include mono- and bivalent PSMA-targeting structure…

Pancreatic cancer remains highly aggressive with a poor prognosis. The cell-surface oncofetal antigen placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer, rendering it a promising theranostic target. Herein, we develop a novel PLAP-targeted antibody-radionuclide conjugate bas…

The oncofetal antigen 5T4 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC), making it a promising theranostic target. In this study, we developed the diagnostic tracer [89Zr]Zr-DFO-HB5 (5T4 monoclonal antibody) and therapeutic agents [177Lu]Lu/[161Tb]Tb-DOTA-HB5, establishing a novel theranostic strat…

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have transformed hematologic cancer therapy but remain limited in solid tumors by antigen heterogeneity and a suppressive, pro-fibrotic microenvironment. We previously identified the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) as upregulated in senescent, …

Women with multiple sclerosis (MS) or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and highly active disease may benefit from early post partum reinitiation of disease-modifying therapy (DMT), but safety data to monoclonal antibody (mAb) use while breastfeeding are limited. This study examined inf…

Despite numerous available treatment options, the overall prognosis for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) remains poor. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with FOLFOX (FOLFOX-HAIC), lenvatinib, and the PD-…

Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) are valuable precursors for biofuels and other commodity chemicals; however, the microbial biosynthesis of these compounds is severely constrained by cytotoxic effects. Here, we employed a genome-scale CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) library to systematically identify …

CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) has emerged as a versatile approach for targeted gene repression in many organisms, including microbes and bacteria, due to the simple design of sequence-specific transcriptional silencing of gene expression. However, the strain-specific effects on repression efficiency…

Microbial cell factories are vital for the sustainable production of chemicals, fuels, and pharmaceuticals, yet their performance depends on the precise control of gene expression to balance metabolic flux between cell growth and production. While the regulation of metabolic networks through constit…

Cephalosporin C (CPC)-derived antibiotics have played a vital role in improving human health and extending life expectancy. Acremonium chrysogenum remains the only microorganism capable of industrial-scale CPC production to date. However, the lack of efficient multiplex genome-editing tools has limi…

Salidroside exhibits a diverse range of biological activities and is extensively utilized in the fields of biomedicine and cosmetics. Given the rising global demand, there is a critical need to develop more sustainable production methods for salidroside. This study implemented metabolic engineering …

Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) is involved in the post-translational modification of cellular proteins in higher organisms by adding a methyl group to arginine-containing substrates. Various studies have demonstrated that the overexpression of PRMT1 is common in cancer development and …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a serious threat to human health. CRISPR/Cas9 technology offers new therapeutic strategies for the management of this disease, but its oral application is severely hindered by the limitations of suitable delivery systems. Herein, we develop and compare two separate oral…

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) often fail to restrain tumor growth due to progressive differentiation into an “exhausted” state. Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) maintain protection from infection for years in healthy tissues, and patient tumors that contain TIL with TRM features are assoc…

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an invaluable model organism for both fundamental biological research and biotechnological applications including recombinant protein production as well as protein and metabolic engineering. We previously developed a modular cloning (MoClo) based toolkit for S. cerevisiae…

1,2,4-Butanetriol is a crucial fine chemical intermediate for energetic materials, high-value-added chemicals, and pharmaceuticals; however, its microbial biosynthesis pathway is often hindered by intermediate accumulation and imbalanced metabolic flux. To overcome these challenges, Candida tropical…

Conventional cancer therapies, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery, exhibit notable limitations in the treatment of solid tumors. Bacteria-mediated tumor therapy has been proven to be effective in clinical studies and is regarded as a promising strategy for tumor treatment. Salmonella, a…

l-Cysteine as a high-value amino acid has irreplaceable application value in food processing, pharmaceutical synthesis, cosmetic preparation, and animal feed and other fields. Corynebacterium glutamicum (C. glutamicum) is commonly used as a chassis strain for cysteine synthesis due to its characteri…

Glenzocimab is a humanized fragment of a monoclonal antibody directed against the human platelet glycoprotein VI, which has shown promising features, including thrombus growth inhibition and minimal bleeding risk. The first inpatient study suggested the benefit of glenzocimab with alteplase in subgr…

Ectoine is a highly valuable amino acid derivative with multiple functionalities, which finds extensive applications in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and life sciences. Developing microbial strains capable of high-level ectoine production has emerged as a prominent research focus in recent years. Here…

1,4-Butanediol (1,4-BDO) is an important non-natural platform chemical for biodegradable plastics, yet its microbial production is constrained by inadequate NADPH availability. In this study, five heterologous enzymes were introduced into Escherichia coli for the biosynthesis of 1,4-BDO. Through coo…

Diatoms are globally significant microalgae that contribute ∼20% of oxygen production and exhibit remarkable metabolic diversity. The marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum has emerged as a promising synthetic biology platform for the bioproduction of recombinant proteins, supported by a hum…

Climate change-induced heat stress represents an increasing threat to biodiversity, engendering the need to understand evolutionary adaptations to thermal extremes. Using Bombyx mori as an economically important insect and research model, we employed genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening integrated with…

p-Coumaric acid (p-CA) is a universal precursor of plant lignin and polyphenols. A comprehensive understanding of p-CA metabolism is essential for elucidating biological evolution, advancing polyphenol biomanufacturing, and developing lignocellulosic biorefineries. However, p-CA metabolism remains p…

Bioengineered heparin represents a safe and sustainable alternative to animal-derived anticoagulants. However, inefficient 6-O-sulfation catalyzed by heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase remains a bottleneck hindering the synthesis of heparin. Here, we establish a high-efficiency expression platform…

Oleaginous Rhodococcus strains can degrade diverse compounds and synthesize and accumulate large amounts of intracellular lipids, making them attractive platforms for biotechnological applications. However, efficient genome editing in Rhodococcus remains challenging, and new molecular tools are need…

We aim to analyze the impact on oncological outcomes of extrahepatic metastases (EM) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated by atezolizumab/bevacizumab (Atezo/Bev)….

Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) is a heterogeneous group of cancers with no identifiable primary lesion, but metastatic epithelial disease. The diagnosis portends a poor prognosis with limited systemic therapy options. Researchers hypothesize that these primary lesions are occult, in part, due to…

Preclinical evidence suggests that BRCA1/2-mutated tumors may rely on RANKL signaling for survival and proliferation. RANKL inhibition with denosumab could disrupt tumor-bone microenvironment crosstalk and potentially limit metastatic progression. We evaluated the association between denosumab and r…

B-cell maturation antigen is highly expressed in myeloma cells and is an attractive target for multiple myeloma (MM) therapies. The extracellular domain of this protein is commonly shed from the plasma cell surface, releasing the soluble antigen that has been proposed as a potential therapeutic biom…

GL-2401 is a novel antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) made by site-specific enzymatic conjugation of monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) to trastuzumab at the N297 glycosylation site. We aimed to develop two reliable bioanalytical methods for quantifying both total antibody (TAb) and conjugated antibody of GL…

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a widely distributed and potent carcinogenic small-molecule toxic contaminant, posing significant risks to food safety. Therefore, a portable, cost-effective, and field-deployable method is needed for sensitive detection of AFB1. This study developed a paper-based electrochemi…

Randomized controlled trial….

The results of a recent trial undoubtedly contribute a vital element to the overarching management of rare tumors and offer new treatment hopes for patients with brain metastases, thereby paving the way for future research in immunotherapy. See related article by Ahluwalia et al., p. 1928….

The study aims to compare the diagnostic performance of the novel melanin-targeted [18F]-N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-5-(2-(2-(2-fluoroethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)picolinamide ([18F]PFPN) positron emission tomography (PET) and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) PET in mucosal melanoma, evaluate their impact o…

The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary clinical activity of UTAA06, an “off-the-shelf” allogeneic B7-H3-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) Vδ1T-cell therapy, in patients with pretreated, advanced B7-H3-positive solid tumors….

In the phase II KEYNOTE-224 study, pembrolizumab showed durable antitumor activity and manageable safety in participants with sorafenib-treated (cohort 1) or treatment-naïve (cohort 2) advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We present data after a median follow-up of ∼7 years for cohor…

The aim of this study is to assess positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT)-guided neoadjuvant treatment with tislelizumab plus chemotherapy/chemoradiotherapy in patients with resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC)….

The phase I/II DREAMM-6 arm B study (NCT03544281) explored belantamab mafodotin combined with bortezomib/dexamethasone (BVd) in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM)….

While CRISPR enzymes have become important tools for targeted gene editing in mammalian cells, they can also be used to specifically target and deplete viral nucleic acids to treat infections; this can be accomplished by delivering an RNA-targeting CRISPR effector like Cas13 along with a guide RNA (…

Early and accessible pathogen detection is crucial for global health security and demands diagnostic assays that are rapid, affordable, and suitable for Point-of-Care use. This study presents a cost-effective, rapid, one-pot fluorescence assay for bacterial DNA detection that exploits the unique opt…

We investigated whether circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) changes may be useful to assess clinical outcomes in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) randomized in the TIME-PRODIGE-28 trial comparing biweekly maintenance with cetuximab alone with observation after 4-month fluorouracil, folini…

The integration of photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and immunotherapy represents a promising strategy for enhancing anticancer efficacy. However, current approaches often rely on cocktail-based nanoplatforms that load multiple agents, which complicates preparation and raises c…

Rapid, low-cost, and multiplexed nucleic acid testing is essential for human health but remains challenging. Although CRISPR-Cas systems offer high specificity, their integration into Multiplexed platforms suitable for near-patient testing has been limited. Here, we introduce a biosensing platform t…

Glycine is an essential metabolite and a valuable precursor for various industrially relevant compounds. However, the lack of efficient high-throughput detection methods has limited progress in metabolic engineering for glycine bioproduction. In this study, we developed a transcription factor-based …

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) serves as a key biomarker of oxidative stress in pathological processes such as cancer and inflammation. However, its in vivo visualization remains challenging due to the lack of sensitive, rapid, and bioorthogonal imaging methods. Here, we present a H2O2-activatable CRISPR/…

Foodborne illnesses caused by a variety of Salmonella enterica serotypes are public health problems globally. A reliable detection method with rapid turn-around time and easy to perform is needed to ensure food safety. This study reports the use of a broadly reactive monoclonal antibody-based latera…

The application of core@shell nanozymes as labeling materials integrating catalytic amplification with molecular recognition in immunoassay platforms is a challenging task, since antibody immobilization often reduces both antibody reactivity and nanozyme catalytic activity. In this work, an approach…

Optic neuritis is a rare immune-related adverse event of immune checkpoint inhibitor use and may result in poor visual outcomes. We describe an elderly woman with metastatic malignant melanoma treated with nivolumab, a programmed cell death protein 1 immune checkpoint inhibitor. After 2 months, she …

Accurate characterization of the amino acid sequence and post translational modifications (PTMs) of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is essential for evaluating product quality. Peptide mapping through bottom-up LC/MS analysis is a key methodology for this purpose. While trypsin is commonly the first ch…

Cyenopyrafen is an effective pyrazole acaricide used for mite control on various crops. This study generated high-affinity monoclonal antibodies specific to cyenopyrafen and developed a high-throughput indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) validated for sensitivity, speci…

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) diagnosis usually requires detection of antibody followed by HCV RNA. The requirement for 2 tests leads to major drop-offs in the cascade of care. Existing near-care HCV RNA tests have slow turnaround time and are expensive with limited availability. We aim to develop a cost-…

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dual immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in patients with brain metastases (BM) from rare cancers….

Despite medical advances in recent decades, the mortality rate of advanced liver cirrhosis remains high. Although liver transplantation remains the most effective treatment, candidate selection is limited by donor availability and alcohol abstinence requirements. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem…