2026년 4월 25일 Pubmed Today

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading infectious cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and major diagnostic and therapeutic challenges persist despite advances in microbiologic and molecular testing. Over the past decade, molecular imaging, especially with FDG PET/CT, has transformed our underst…

Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have significantly advanced modern pharmaceutics by addressing limitations associated with conventional therapies, including poor solubility, rapid systemic clearance, and nonspecific drug distribution. Among various nanocarriers, liposomes remain one of th…

The ATP-dependent bile salt export pump (BSEP) is a transporter responsible for moving bile salts from hepatocytes into bile canaliculi. Inhibition of BSEP is a known risk factor of cholestatic-drug-induced liver injury (DILI) probably caused by the accumulation of toxic bile salts in the liver. Sin…

Dysfunctional autophagy, a key cellular cleaning process, is a key driver of brain ageing and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, developing effective treatments by enhancing autophagy has been challenging, as most known compounds act through the broad mTOR pathway,…

BBB 투과성과 mTOR 비의존성이라는 두 난제를 함께 풀어낸 점이 강점이다. 전임상 수준이지만 AD 치료 후보 발굴 플랫폼으로서 파급력이 커서 후속 검증이 중요하다.

The translation of 3D multicellular systems into clinical applications has been constrained by the need to balance physiological relevance and scalability. Current biofabrication methods primarily depend on passive cell aggregation or capillary- and viscosity-limited segmentation, resulting in stoch…

Metastatic cancer cell dormancy, wherein disseminated cancer cells (DCCs) persist in a quiescent state before reactivating to fuel metastasis, has emerged as a critical determinant of cancer relapse. In this Review, we synthesize recent advances in understanding the microenvironmental drivers of dor…

Advances in microscopy and bioimage analysis are enabling unprecedented quantitative observation of dynamic biological systems. Smart microscopy closes the loop by feeding back image-derived information to control image acquisition on the fly, paving the way for increasingly autonomous and sophistic…

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults, with a poor prognosis despite aggressive standard of care. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has shown promising results in liquid malignancies, but clinical trials in GBM targeting various tumor antigens have not …

GBM에서 자가 CAR-T의 기능 저하를 직접 보여주고 동종 CAR-T 대안을 제시한 점이 의미 있다. 다만 아직 전임상 수준이라 환자 치료를 바꿀 단계는 아니며, 실제 안전성·지속성·제조 가능성이 핵심 관문이다.

Large genomic deletions (≥1 kb) are a recurrent class of disease-causing lesions in monogenic disorders, frequently leading to complete gene inactivation or the loss of critical cis-regulatory elements. Addressing these defects in a therapeutically relevant manner requires integration modalit…

표적 대형 유전자 삽입의 기술 지형을 폭넓게 정리한 리뷰로, 기초·플랫폼 측면의 의미가 크다. 다만 환자 치료 성과나 임상 전환을 보여주는 데이터는 없어 당장 진료를 바꿀 수준은 아니다. 향후 어떤 플랫폼이 안전성, 적재 용량, 효율에서 우위를 확보하는지가 핵심이다.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) chronically infects nearly half of the global population and is a major risk factor for gastric cancer. Timely and accurate diagnosis is critical to enable targeted eradication therapy and prevent disease progression. However, current gold-standard methods, such as in…

The scarcity of reliable biomarkers and predictive models for platinum resistance in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) poses a significant clinical challenge. This study endeavors to identify molecular subtypes related to platinum resistance and construct a robust predictive model through multi-omics techn…

Early blight is a major disease affecting tomato crops worldwide and poses a significant threat to tomato production. The development of novel marker systems through next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has created unprecedented opportunities for high-throughput functional genomics research…

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is the pediatric tumor with the worst prognosis. BIOMEDE was a randomized phase 2 trial comparing the efficacy in terms of overall survival (OS) (primary endpoint) of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor erlotinib, mTOR inhibitor everolimus and mu…

High‑altitude polycythemia (HAP) is classically attributed to erythropoietin (EPO)‑driven erythrocytosis, yet epidemiological and mechanistic evidence increasingly challenges this monocular view. Field data have demonstrated that up to 40% of individuals with a hematocrit level >68%…

Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) represents a major global health burden, particularly in regions with high incidence rates, significantly affecting patient quality of life and survival outcomes. Recent advances in multi‑omics technologies have highlighted their potential in identif…

Evidence for a causal role of DNA methylation sites (CpGs) in type 2 diabetes and glycaemic traits is limited due to the cross-sectional nature of many epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS). In addition, epigenetic studies in West African populations are particularly sparse, despite the high and…

Chemical pollutants in aquatic ecosystems pose a significant and growing threat to fish health and overall ecosystem sustainability. This review highlights recent findings on the ecotoxicological effects of major aquatic contaminants, including industrial effluents often containing heavy metals (HMs…

Issues with randomized controlled trial (RCT) generalizability are well described, but whether these result from differences in patient management across contexts remains unknown. We studied management of patients with high-risk prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy (RP) inside and outside of …

Pregnancy in women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is common, and active disease remains a key driver of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Maintaining remission throughout pregnancy is therefore essential, however clinicians lack reliable, minimally invasive tools to monitor disease activit…

Despite their notable abundance in circulation and biological significance in the tumour microenvironment, direct genetic programming of neutrophils has been challenging. Here we develop a neutrophil-specific modified RNA translation platform, termed NeuSMRT, that enables the expression of chimeric …

생체 내에서 호중구를 직접 프로그래밍해 CAR 기능을 부여했다는 점이 핵심 진전이다. 교모세포종과 같은 난치암에서 면역미세환경 재편과 병용효과까지 보여 플랫폼 가치가 높다. 다만 아직 동물실험 단계이므로 실제 환자 치료 변화는 추가 검증이 필요하다.

Targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has improved survival across multiple cancer types, but the variability in patient response highlights the need for better predictive biomarkers. Existin…

장내미생물의 taxonomic 수준을 넘어 유전자 수준 특징을 활용해 ICI 반응 예측력을 높였다는 점이 핵심이다. 다중 암종에서 일반화 가능성을 보였지만, 아직은 후향적 모델 개발 성격이 강해 즉시 진료를 바꾸기보다는 후속 검증이 필요한 단계이다.

Anemia is one of the most prevalent systemic complications in patients with cancer, substantially impairing quality of life and limiting the safe administration of cytoreductive therapies. Despite its clinical significance, the mechanisms by which tumors disrupt erythroid homeostasis remain incomple…

암 관련 빈혈의 병태생리를 새롭게 설명한 점이 인상적이다. 다만 현재 근거는 전임상 수준이어서 실제 환자 치료 변화로 이어지기까지는 추가 검증이 필요하다. DNase I 기반 접근이 임상적으로 안전하고 재현성 있게 작동하는지가 핵심 관전 포인트이다.

Real-time monitoring of kidney-infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is crucial for evaluating immunotherapy in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, existing imaging probes often exhibit “always-on” signals and poor renal clearance, limiting their ability to detect renal immune responses. Here…

면역치료 반응을 실시간으로 읽어내는 비침습적 바이오마커 플랫폼이라는 점에서 기술적 의미가 크다. 다만 환자 수가 적고 진단 보조 수준의 초기 검증에 그쳐, 당장 진료 표준을 바꿀 단계는 아니다. 향후 대규모 임상 검증과 경쟁 영상/체액 바이오마커 대비 우위가 핵심이다.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) with liver metastases (CRCLM) remains a clinical challenge. CXCL13 is widely recognized as a biomarker of immunotherapy response. However, the functional heterogeneity (protumor vs. antitumor) of CXCL13⁺CD4⁺ T cell subsets has long been controversial. Through in…

전이성 대장암의 면역미세환경을 설명하는 새로운 축을 제시해 발견 가치가 높다. 다만 현재 근거는 단일 전임상 모델 중심이라 치료 표준을 바꿀 수준은 아니며, 임상 번역 가능성은 추가 검증이 필요하다.

Biliary tract cancer (BTC), encompassing intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma as well as gallbladder cancer, represents a heterogeneous group of malignancies characterized by an aggressive clinical course and poor prognosis. Systemic chemotherapy with gemcitabine plus cisplatin has remai…

Solid tumors are sustained by profoundly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments (TMEs) that underlie resistance to immunotherapy. Engineered oncolytic viruses and cytokine-based gene therapies can reprogram the TME, converting ‘cold’ tumors into immune-responsive states and amplifying antitumor i…

In the immunotherapy era, tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) monotherapy is still commonly used for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in clinical practice. Prospective evidence on immunotherapy plus tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) after first-line TKI treatment failure is scarce. This…

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a highly prevalent malignancy, is mostly diagnosed at intermediate and advanced stages. Current monotherapies are limited by poor targeting, severe toxicity, drug resistance, and high metastatic risk, necessitating more effective precision therapeutic strategies. Phot…

Extensive studies have implicated glycolytic reprogramming and lactate accumulation in immune evasion. However, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based in vivo screens systematically interrogating metabolic drivers of immune checkpoint blockade resistance in clear ce…

ccRCC의 면역회피를 젖산 수송체 SLC16A3 중심으로 설명한 점이 핵심이다. 직접적인 환자 치료 변화는 아직 없지만, 대사 표적과 면역치료 저항성 극복 전략을 연결하는 기전적 가치가 크다. 다만 실제 약물화 가능성과 경쟁 구도는 추가 확인이 필요하다.

Recent studies have indicated that Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) exert context-dependent immunomodulatory effects in cancer immunotherapy. In this rapid response, we comment on the prospective cohort study by Habib et al, which evaluates JAKi for steroid-refractory or life-threatening immune-relate…

Alternative splicing (AS) plays a key role in the regulation of immune function and cellular heterogeneity. However, its impact on T-cell behavior and clinical outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains poorly understood. Single-cell full-length transcriptome data were used to obtain compreh…

The diagnosis and treatment of hematologic malignancies has undergone significant advancements over the past few decades, resulting in enhanced outcomes. For hematologic malignancies diagnosed during pregnancy, this poses new questions. As possibilities continue to expand and the rising global incid…

Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is a rare subtype of melanoma skin cancer that disproportionately affects underrepresented minorities and is associated with poor prognosis. We report a case of a middle-aged Hispanic woman presenting to the emergency department with an enlarging, painful axillary ma…

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are organized immune aggregates within the tumor microenvironment that are associated with improved prognosis and immunotherapy response in breast cancer, yet their functional duality and therapeutic potential require further clarification. The present review compr…

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women globally, and its rising incidence and mortality rates underscore the urgent need for new treatment strategies. Current treatment methods including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy have limited efficacy. In recent years, immunotherapy has att…

L-Arginine (L-Arg) is a key immunometabolite and nitric oxide (˙NO) precursor with therapeutic potential in cancer and immunotherapy. However, its clinical application is hindered by poor bioavailability and uncontrolled dosing. Here, two distinct metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), NH2-MIL-125(T…

Relevant pre-clinical models are essential for driving progress in cancer therapy research. Here, we develop a pre-clinical study framework using an injectable orthotopic lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) model (ORTHO) that replicates key features of human LUAD patients and is dissectible into tumoural and…

We report a case of granulomatous prostatitis in a young male confirmed on histopathological examination. The case was initially presumed to be a case of prostate adenocarcinoma based on clinical, biochemical and imaging findings. To our knowledge, this is the second such reported case where there i…

Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) remains a therapeutic challenge with limited biomarkers. The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is crucial for progression and immunotherapy response. Because SSX1 and TRIM58 emerged as significant independent prognostic factors, this study investigated their co…

This review provides an introduction to the rapidly expanding field of pharmacogenomics and personalised medicine, with especial relevance and focus for those working in clinical Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics (H&I) laboratories supporting HLA and disease immunogenetic testing and transpl…

Emerging evidence reveals the pivotal involvement of mitochondrial metabolic dysregulation in glioblastoma (GBM) pathogenesis, considering mitochondrial metabolism as a potential therapeutic target. Nebivolol, a third-generation β-adrenergic receptor antagonist clinically employed in cardiovas…

Host-microbe interactions critically shape cellular metabolism and immune responses. The bacterial siderophore enterobactin (Ent) is known for pilfering iron from the host, but recent evidence suggests that it may also deliver iron to host mitochondria. Its impact on mitochondrial respiration, howev…

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease and stroke. Although mitochondria’s role in AS is recognized, effective molecular targets are lacking. This study investigated mitochondria-associated signature biomarkers in AS, providing insights for mechanistic research and targete…

Ischemic stroke (IS) is an acute cerebrovascular disease in which blood circulation to brain tissue and neurological function are impaired due to obstruction of cerebral blood vessels, and it is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Therapies such as intravenous thrombolysis and endovasc…

To observe the effect of scalp-acupoint cluster puncture on hippocampal synaptic plasticity and the activity of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway in APP/PS1 mice, so as to explore its possible mechanism underly…