2026년 4월 17일 Pubmed Today

Future integration of artificial intelligence in biological settings imposes a non-negotiable requirement for advanced aqueous synapses, demanding not only biocompatibility in proper aqueous environments but also high-order behavior with multimodal functionalities, which, nevertheless, remain undere…

Realizing the therapeutic potential of antibodies requires simultaneously optimizing multiple properties, such as antigen-binding specificity, viscosity, clearance and immunogenicity. However, existing methods used for this task are time consuming and resource intensive, often struggling to balance …

The utility of combination treatment with gemcitabine and camonsertib, an ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related kinase inhibitor, in mediating tumor cell death was assessed in preclinical models, prompting clinical investigation. The phase Ib TRESR study (NCT04497116) aimed to evaluate the safety, …

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) form RNA-guided adaptive immune systems in bacteria and archaea that mediate sequence-specific defense against invading genetic elements. Beyond their ecological role in restricting bacteriophage in…

The recently approved haemophilia A and B gene therapies via adeno-associated virus (AAV) showed a promising therapeutic response after a single injection, but there are still limitations, including the potential loss of transgene expression and restriction in adults. Conversely, genome editing by p…

Humanized mouse models are essential for evaluating the engraftment capacity and genetic integrity of gene-modified hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Here, we compared two widely used xenotransplantation platforms, NSG and NBSGW mice, in the context of lentiviral vector (LVV) transduc…

Detecting lung cancer effectively in the general population is essential for optimizing treatment outcomes and improving the 5-year survival rate. While low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is the current standard, it has limitations in broader populations. We developed a blood-based multi-omics mode…

Cochleovestibular impairment is a debilitating sequela of oncological intervention, resulting from multifaceted organic damage to the inner ear. Clinically manifesting as sensorineural hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction, ototoxicity significantly compromises cognitive health and long-term quali…

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy has increased rates of pathological complete response (pCR) in thoracic malignancies and has renewed interest in organ-preserving strategies. In esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the Surgery As Needed for Oesophageal cancer (SANO) trial has shown that active survei…

Tumor-associated macrophages are pivotal drivers of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. However, the functional contributions of proliferating macrophages (Prolif Ms) within the tumor microenvironment (TME) remain poorly defined….

Humanized mice are highly valuable models for the preclinical development of cancer immunotherapies. However, conventional models often fail to mount robust and trackable tumor antigen-specific (TA-specific) T-cell responses, which hinders the comprehensive evaluation of therapies that depend on thi…

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell immunotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains challenging due to the lack of specific cell surface antigens that are highly expressed on leukemic blasts but largely absent in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) and healthy tissues. Targeting int…

The clinical success of chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR T cell) therapy in hematologic malignancies has prompted its application for refractory solid tumors, including glioblastoma (GBM). However, CAR T cell trials against solid tumors have failed to show clinical efficacy thus far. Here, we s…

Utilizing nanotechnology to deliver multiple anticancer drugs holds the potential to enhance the anticancer effect. However, most drug carriers have limitations such as their own toxicity and low drug loading rate. Besides, depleting the excessive glutathione (GSH) in tumor cells not only induces fe…

Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with existing therapies frequently hindered by drug resistance and immunosuppression. Metabolic reprogramming (glycolysis, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism) has emerged as a core hallmark …

mRNA-based vaccines have demonstrated tremendous success during the era of COVID-19, but its therapeutic potential for treating cancer, especially poorly immunogenic solid tumors, remains largely underachieved. Herein, we report a class of self-adjuvanting α-helical polypeptides that can drama…

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths, and despite therapeutic advances, recurrence and resistance persist. Local tumor ablation can function as an in situ vaccine, but thermal techniques may disrupt antigen and extracellular matrix integrity, potentially limiting immunogenicity, whereas…

Gastric cancer (GC) remains a major global health challenge, particularly in East Asia, and the clinical impact of immune checkpoint inhibitors is limited by prevalent immune evasion and heterogeneous tumor immune microenvironments (TIME). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have rapidly emerged as critic…

Secondary central nervous system (CNS) large B-cell lymphoma (SCNSL) occurs in the de novo setting, as a CNS-isolated relapse, or synchronous (concomitant CNS and systemic) relapse. SCNSL is a devastating event without therapeutic consensus. Thus, we aimed to evaluate treatment outcomes in an intern…

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), the DNA-protein structures released by neutrophils within the tumor microenvironment (TME), play a role in cancer that extends far beyond their traditional antimicrobial function. Specifically, NETs exert multifaceted and context-dependent effects on tumor prog…

Hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR + /HER2 - ) breast cancer, the most common subtype, shows a low pathological complete response (pCR) rate and limited benefit from immunotherapy, highlighting the need for more effective stra…

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is now widely used for the treatment of various haematological malignancies, with emerging applications in solid tumours and autoimmune diseases. Alongside its demonstrated clinical activity, this therapeutic modality has a toxicity profile that differs…

This review provides an overview of current therapeutic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination approaches. We review important criteria for their development, and present vaccines currently being actively followed in clinical trials, for precursor lesions or established cancers. Subsequently, we lis…

Esophageal cancer (EC), encompassing primarily esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), continues to pose a significant global health burden, which is largely due to delayed diagnosis and limited therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we synthesize current insigh…

Immunotherapy has seen success in treating patients with cancer, but variable responses underscore the need for effective patient stratification and therapy planning. Computational tools integrating multi-omics, imaging and machine learning have advanced, yet reliable personalized predictions remain…

Serum total testosterone (TT) interacts with multiple physiological systems and is implicated in heterogeneous aging processes in men. However, aging-related phenotypes associated with TT are unlikely to be captured by single biomarkers or conventional clinical categories. This study aims to identif…

To define the phenotypic spectrum and genotype-phenotype correlations associated with pathogenic RERE variants and inform clinical management and genetic counseling for neurodevelopmental disorder with or without anomalies of the brain, eye, or heart (NEDBEH)….

Oral ulcers are the most common disease of the oral mucosa, and the pathogenesis is caused by a local overload of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that precipitates tissue breakdown, which, in turn, leads to the formation of ulcers. Here, we report a one-step oxidative copolymerization strategy to synt…

Stargardt disease type 1 (STGD1) is the most common hereditary macular degeneration. It is caused by mutations in ABCA4, which result in the progressive degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), ultimately leading to photoreceptor loss. Despite extensive efforts, STGD1 currently lacks ef…

Arbovirus infections impose a substantial global health burden, further complicated by their ability to induce oxidative stress through excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This oxidative stress triggers a cascade that enhances viral replication and dysregulates immune responses, u…